Syntax:
[ cd directory ] takes you to desired directory
and
[ cd ] takes you directly to your MAIN directory.
Chmod(change mode)
Numeral | Meaning |
400 | Owner has read permission |
200 | Owner has write permission |
100 | Owner has execute permission |
040 | Group has read permission |
020 | Group has write permission |
010 | Group has execute permission |
004 | All users have read permission |
002 | All users have write permission |
001 | All users have execute permission |
Description:
There are 2 methods for using chmod. The first is numerical the second is alphabetical.
The proper usage is [ chmod number filename ]
Syntax:
1. The numerical method can be used to change permissions individually:
[ chmod 400 index.html ]
This gives the owner ,which would be you, permission to read this file.
2. You can also add one or more of the permissions together to get a combined effect:
[ chmod 440 index.html ]
now this will give permission for you and the group to read your index.html file.
The most important thing to remember when using the chmod number scheme is use chmod 644 (filename) for files and chmod 755 (directory name) for directories. This will set the permissions so the webpage can be seen.
Character | Meaning |
u | User (think of it as U-You) |
g | Group |
o | Other (or the world) |
a | All (all three previous goups) |
+ (plus sign) | Adds permission |
- (minus sign) | Takes away permission |
r | Reads the file |
w | Writes to the files |
x | Executes the file |
The command syntax is similar to the numeric method.
[chmod a+r index.html]
This will allow all three groups to read this index.html file
ALL HOMEPAGES MUST be able to be read by all three
groups.
CP(copy)
Description: copies the contents of one file into another
Syntax: cp [ options ] filename newfilename
Options | Meaning |
-i | Makes sure you don't overwrite an existing file |
-p | Retains existing permissions |
-r | Copies entire directory |
Emacs
Description: file text editor used to make changes to homepages
Syntax:[ emacs filename ]
Exit
Description: substitute logout command
Syntax:[ exit ]
FTP(file transfer protocol)
Description: used to connect to other networks and transfer files to and from your computer
UNIX Syntax:[ftp remote machine] for example [ ftp mn.kevin.com ]
from the <ftp> prompt you can then enter the following commands to transfer files.
Command | Result |
get filname | gets file from remote computer |
get filename1 filename2 | gets file from remote computer and saves it to your computer as filename 2 |
close | close out of remote computer but keeps <ftp> session running |
quit | terminates ftp session |
pwd | lists the current directory on the remote machine |
LPR
Description: printer command used in dimacs netscape and at X session prompt to print desired files
Syntax: [ lpr -P(<--capital P) printername ] The printer at dimacs is statler
LS(list)
Description: lists the files in your account directories
Syntax: ls [ or ls -option ]
Options | Meaning |
-l | lists directory content in long form |
-al | lists all contents in directory including hidden files |
-d | lists only the directories , not the contents |
MKDIR(make directory)
Description: creates a new directory
Syntax: [ mkdir directoryname ]
MV(move)
Description: moves a file or multiple files into another directory, and also moves a file to a new name in the directory (like a change name command)
Syntax:[ mv filename directory OR mv filename newfilename ]
PWD
Description: displays the directory and or sub directories in which you are currently located
Syntax: [ pwd ]
RM(remove)
Description: deletes files
Syntax: [ rm filename ]
TELNET
Description: logs in to a remote system
Syntax:[ telnet hostname ]